As the core power equipment in the industrial field, screw air compressors have been widely used in key fields such as manufacturing, chemical industry, and medical treatment due to their high efficiency, stability, and long life. The core technology of screw air compressors is analyzed from four aspects: working principle, structural optimization, energy efficiency control, and maintenance management. The core of screw air compressors lies in the precise meshing movement of the male and female rotors.